fixed_width_binary_array.hpp

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// Copyright 2024 Man Group Operations Limited
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or mplied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
 
#pragma once
 
#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdint>
#include <iterator>
#include <optional>
#include <ranges>
#include <string>
#include <type_traits>
#include <vector>
 
#include "sparrow/arrow_interface/arrow_array.hpp"
#include "sparrow/arrow_interface/arrow_array_schema_proxy.hpp"
#include "sparrow/arrow_interface/arrow_schema.hpp"
#include "sparrow/buffer/dynamic_bitset/dynamic_bitset.hpp"
#include "sparrow/c_interface.hpp"
#include "sparrow/debug/copy_tracker.hpp"
#include "sparrow/layout/array_bitmap_base.hpp"
#include "sparrow/layout/fixed_width_binary_array_utils.hpp"
#include "sparrow/layout/fixed_width_binary_reference.hpp"
#include "sparrow/layout/layout_utils.hpp"
#include "sparrow/types/data_traits.hpp"
#include "sparrow/utils/contracts.hpp"
#include "sparrow/utils/extension.hpp"
#include "sparrow/utils/functor_index_iterator.hpp"
#include "sparrow/utils/mp_utils.hpp"
#include "sparrow/utils/repeat_container.hpp"
 
namespace sparrow
{
    template <std::ranges::sized_range T, typename CR, typename Ext = empty_extension>
    class fixed_width_binary_array_impl;
 
    using fixed_width_binary_traits = arrow_traits<std::vector<byte_t>>;

    using fixed_width_binary_array = fixed_width_binary_array_impl<
        fixed_width_binary_traits::value_type,
        fixed_width_binary_traits::const_reference>;
 
    namespace copy_tracker
    {
        template <>
        inline std::string key<fixed_width_binary_array>()
        {
            return "fixed_width_binary_array";
        }
    }
 
    template <std::ranges::sized_range T, typename CR, typename Ext>
    struct array_inner_types<fixed_width_binary_array_impl<T, CR, Ext>> : array_inner_types_base
    {
        using array_type = fixed_width_binary_array_impl<T, CR, Ext>;
 
        using inner_value_type = T;
        using inner_reference = fixed_width_binary_reference<array_type>;
        using inner_const_reference = CR;
 
        using data_value_type = typename T::value_type;
 
        using data_iterator = data_value_type*;
        using const_data_iterator = const data_value_type*;
 
        using iterator_tag = std::random_access_iterator_tag;
 
        using const_bitmap_iterator = bitmap_type::const_iterator;
 
        using functor_type = detail::layout_value_functor<array_type, inner_reference>;
        using const_functor_type = detail::layout_value_functor<const array_type, inner_const_reference>;
        using iterator = functor_index_iterator<functor_type>;
        using const_iterator = functor_index_iterator<const_functor_type>;
        using const_reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>;
 
        using value_iterator = iterator;
        using const_value_iterator = const_iterator;
    };
 
    namespace detail
    {
        template <>
        struct get_data_type_from_array<sparrow::fixed_width_binary_array>
        {
            [[nodiscard]] static constexpr sparrow::data_type get()
            {
                return sparrow::data_type::FIXED_WIDTH_BINARY;
            }
        };
    }
 
    template <std::ranges::sized_range T, class CR, class Ext>
    class fixed_width_binary_array_impl final
        : public mutable_array_bitmap_base<fixed_width_binary_array_impl<T, CR, Ext>>,
          public Ext
    {
    private:
 
        static_assert(
            sizeof(std::ranges::range_value_t<T>) == sizeof(byte_t),
            "Only sequences of types with the same size as byte_t are supported"
        );
 
    public:
 
        using self_type = fixed_width_binary_array_impl<T, CR, Ext>;
        using base_type = mutable_array_bitmap_base<self_type>;
 
        using inner_types = array_inner_types<self_type>;
        using inner_value_type = typename inner_types::inner_value_type;
        using inner_reference = typename inner_types::inner_reference;
        using inner_const_reference = typename inner_types::inner_const_reference;
 
        using bitmap_type = typename base_type::bitmap_type;
        using bitmap_reference = typename base_type::bitmap_reference;
        using bitmap_const_reference = typename base_type::bitmap_const_reference;
        using const_bitmap_range = typename base_type::const_bitmap_range;
 
        using value_type = nullable<inner_value_type>;
        using reference = nullable<inner_reference, bitmap_reference>;
        using const_reference = nullable<inner_const_reference, bitmap_const_reference>;
 
        using size_type = typename base_type::size_type;
        using difference_type = typename base_type::difference_type;
        using iterator_tag = typename base_type::iterator_tag;
        using data_iterator = typename inner_types::data_iterator;
 
        using const_data_iterator = typename inner_types::const_data_iterator;
        using data_value_type = typename inner_types::data_value_type;
 
        using value_iterator = typename inner_types::value_iterator;
        using const_value_iterator = typename inner_types::const_value_iterator;
 
        using functor_type = typename inner_types::functor_type;
        using const_functor_type = typename inner_types::const_functor_type;

        explicit fixed_width_binary_array_impl(arrow_proxy);
 
        fixed_width_binary_array_impl(const self_type&);

        fixed_width_binary_array_impl(self_type&&) noexcept = default;
 
        self_type& operator=(const self_type&);
        self_type& operator=(self_type&&) noexcept = default;

        template <class... ARGS>
            requires(mpl::excludes_copy_and_move_ctor_v<fixed_width_binary_array_impl<T, CR, Ext>, ARGS...>)
        fixed_width_binary_array_impl(ARGS&&... args)
            : base_type(create_proxy(std::forward<ARGS>(args)...))
            , m_element_size(num_bytes_for_fixed_sized_binary(this->get_arrow_proxy().format()))
        {
        }
 
        using base_type::get_arrow_proxy;
        using base_type::size;

        [[nodiscard]] constexpr inner_reference value(size_type i);

        [[nodiscard]] constexpr inner_const_reference value(size_type i) const;
 
    private:

        template <
            mpl::char_like C,
            validity_bitmap_input VB = validity_bitmap,
            input_metadata_container METADATA_RANGE = std::vector<metadata_pair>>
        [[nodiscard]] static arrow_proxy create_proxy(
            u8_buffer<C>&& data_buffer,
            size_t element_count,
            size_t element_size,
            VB&& validity_input = validity_bitmap{validity_bitmap::default_allocator()},
            std::optional<std::string_view> name = std::nullopt,
            std::optional<METADATA_RANGE> metadata = std::nullopt
        );

        template <input_metadata_container METADATA_RANGE = std::vector<metadata_pair>>
        [[nodiscard]] static arrow_proxy create_proxy(
            size_t element_size,
            bool nullable = true,
            std::optional<std::string_view> name = std::nullopt,
            std::optional<METADATA_RANGE> metadata = std::nullopt
        );

        template <
            std::ranges::input_range VALUES,
            validity_bitmap_input VB = validity_bitmap,
            input_metadata_container METADATA_RANGE = std::vector<metadata_pair>>
            requires(
                std::ranges::input_range<std::ranges::range_value_t<VALUES>>
                && mpl::char_like<std::ranges::range_value_t<std::ranges::range_value_t<VALUES>>>
            )
        [[nodiscard]] static arrow_proxy create_proxy(
            VALUES&& values,
            VB&& validity_input,
            std::optional<std::string_view> name = std::nullopt,
            std::optional<METADATA_RANGE> metadata = std::nullopt
        );

        template <std::ranges::input_range VALUES, input_metadata_container METADATA_RANGE = std::vector<metadata_pair>>
            requires(
                std::ranges::input_range<std::ranges::range_value_t<VALUES>>
                && mpl::char_like<std::ranges::range_value_t<std::ranges::range_value_t<VALUES>>>
            )
        [[nodiscard]] static arrow_proxy create_proxy(
            VALUES&& values,
            bool nullable = true,
            std::optional<std::string_view> name = std::nullopt,
            std::optional<METADATA_RANGE> metadata = std::nullopt
        );

        template <std::ranges::input_range NULLABLE_VALUES, input_metadata_container METADATA_RANGE = std::vector<metadata_pair>>
            requires mpl::is_type_instance_of_v<std::ranges::range_value_t<NULLABLE_VALUES>, nullable>
                     && std::ranges::input_range<typename std::ranges::range_value_t<NULLABLE_VALUES>::value_type>
                     && std::is_same_v<
                         std::ranges::range_value_t<typename std::ranges::range_value_t<NULLABLE_VALUES>::value_type>,
                         byte_t>
        [[nodiscard]] static arrow_proxy create_proxy(
            NULLABLE_VALUES&&,
            std::optional<std::string_view> name = std::nullopt,
            std::optional<METADATA_RANGE> metadata = std::nullopt
        );

        template <mpl::char_like C, input_metadata_container METADATA_RANGE = std::vector<metadata_pair>>
        [[nodiscard]] static arrow_proxy create_proxy_impl(
            u8_buffer<C>&& data_buffer,
            size_t element_count,
            size_t element_size,
            std::optional<validity_bitmap>&& validity_input,
            std::optional<std::string_view> name = std::nullopt,
            std::optional<METADATA_RANGE> metadata = std::nullopt
        );
 
        static constexpr size_t DATA_BUFFER_INDEX = 1;

        [[nodiscard]] constexpr size_type byte_offset(size_type index) const
        {
            return (index + static_cast<size_type>(this->get_arrow_proxy().offset())) * m_element_size;
        }

        [[nodiscard]] constexpr auto& get_data_buffer()
        {
            return this->get_arrow_proxy().get_array_private_data()->buffers()[DATA_BUFFER_INDEX];
        }

        [[nodiscard]] constexpr const auto& get_data_buffer() const
        {
            return this->get_arrow_proxy().buffers()[DATA_BUFFER_INDEX];
        }

        [[nodiscard]] constexpr data_iterator data(size_type i);

        [[nodiscard]] constexpr value_iterator value_begin();

        [[nodiscard]] constexpr value_iterator value_end();

        [[nodiscard]] constexpr const_value_iterator value_cbegin() const;

        [[nodiscard]] constexpr const_value_iterator value_cend() const;

        [[nodiscard]] constexpr const_data_iterator data(size_type i) const;
 
        // Modifiers

        template <std::ranges::sized_range U>
            requires mpl::convertible_ranges<U, T>
        constexpr void resize_values(size_type new_length, U value);

        template <std::ranges::sized_range U>
            requires mpl::convertible_ranges<U, T>
        constexpr value_iterator insert_value(const_value_iterator pos, U value, size_type count);

        template <typename InputIt>
            requires std::input_iterator<InputIt>
                     && mpl::convertible_ranges<typename std::iterator_traits<InputIt>::value_type, T>
        constexpr value_iterator insert_values(const_value_iterator pos, InputIt first, InputIt last);

        constexpr value_iterator erase_values(const_value_iterator pos, size_type count);

        template <std::ranges::sized_range U>
            requires mpl::convertible_ranges<U, T>
        constexpr void assign(U&& rhs, size_type index);
 
        size_t m_element_size = 0;
 
        friend class fixed_width_binary_reference<self_type>;
        friend const_value_iterator;
        friend base_type;
        friend base_type::base_type;
        friend base_type::base_type::base_type;
    };
 
    /************************************************
     * fixed_width_binary_array_impl implementation *
     ************************************************/
 
    template <std::ranges::sized_range T, typename CR, typename Ext>
    fixed_width_binary_array_impl<T, CR, Ext>::fixed_width_binary_array_impl(arrow_proxy proxy)
        : base_type(std::move(proxy))
        , m_element_size(num_bytes_for_fixed_sized_binary(this->get_arrow_proxy().format()))
    {
        SPARROW_ASSERT_TRUE(this->get_arrow_proxy().data_type() == data_type::FIXED_WIDTH_BINARY);
    }
 
    template <std::ranges::sized_range T, typename CR, typename Ext>
    fixed_width_binary_array_impl<T, CR, Ext>::fixed_width_binary_array_impl(const self_type& rhs)
        : base_type(rhs)
        , m_element_size(rhs.m_element_size)
    {
        copy_tracker::increase(copy_tracker::key<self_type>());
    }
 
    template <std::ranges::sized_range T, typename CR, typename Ext>
    fixed_width_binary_array_impl<T, CR, Ext>&
    fixed_width_binary_array_impl<T, CR, Ext>::operator=(const self_type& rhs)
    {
        copy_tracker::increase(copy_tracker::key<self_type>());
        base_type::operator=(rhs);
        m_element_size = rhs.m_element_size;
        return *this;
    }
 
    // Move constructor and assignment are defaulted in the class definition
 
    template <std::ranges::sized_range T, typename CR, typename Ext>
    template <mpl::char_like C, validity_bitmap_input VB, input_metadata_container METADATA_RANGE>
    arrow_proxy fixed_width_binary_array_impl<T, CR, Ext>::create_proxy(
        u8_buffer<C>&& data_buffer,
        size_t element_count,
        size_t element_size,
        VB&& validity_input,
        std::optional<std::string_view> name,
        std::optional<METADATA_RANGE> metadata
    )
    {
        validity_bitmap bitmap = ensure_validity_bitmap(element_count, std::forward<VB>(validity_input));
        return create_proxy_impl(
            std::move(data_buffer),
            element_count,
            element_size,
            std::move(bitmap),
            std::move(name),
            std::move(metadata)
        );
    }
 
    template <std::ranges::sized_range T, typename CR, typename Ext>
    template <input_metadata_container METADATA_RANGE>
    arrow_proxy fixed_width_binary_array_impl<T, CR, Ext>::create_proxy(
        size_t element_size,
        bool nullable,
        std::optional<std::string_view> name,
        std::optional<METADATA_RANGE> metadata
    )
    {
        u8_buffer<char> data_buffer{};
        std::optional<validity_bitmap> bitmap = nullable ? std::make_optional<validity_bitmap>(
                                                               nullptr,
                                                               0,
                                                               validity_bitmap::default_allocator()
                                                           )
                                                         : std::nullopt;
        return create_proxy_impl(
            std::move(data_buffer),
            0,
            element_size,
            std::move(bitmap),
            std::move(name),
            std::move(metadata)
        );
    }
 
    template <std::ranges::sized_range T, typename CR, typename Ext>
    template <std::ranges::input_range R, validity_bitmap_input VB, input_metadata_container METADATA_RANGE>
        requires(
            std::ranges::input_range<std::ranges::range_value_t<R>> &&                 // a range of ranges
            mpl::char_like<std::ranges::range_value_t<std::ranges::range_value_t<R>>>  // inner range is a
                                                                                       // range of char-like
        )
    arrow_proxy fixed_width_binary_array_impl<T, CR, Ext>::create_proxy(
        R&& values,
        VB&& validity_input,
        std::optional<std::string_view> name,
        std::optional<METADATA_RANGE> metadata
    )
    {
        using values_type = std::ranges::range_value_t<R>;
        using values_inner_value_type = std::ranges::range_value_t<values_type>;
 
        SPARROW_ASSERT_TRUE(all_same_size(values));
        const size_t element_size = std::ranges::empty(values) ? 0 : std::ranges::size(*values.begin());
 
        auto data_buffer = u8_buffer<values_inner_value_type>(std::ranges::views::join(values));
        return create_proxy(
            std::move(data_buffer),
            values.size(),
            element_size,
            std::forward<VB>(validity_input),
            std::forward<std::optional<std::string_view>>(name),
            std::forward<std::optional<METADATA_RANGE>>(metadata)
        );
    }
 
    template <std::ranges::sized_range T, typename CR, typename Ext>
    template <std::ranges::input_range R, input_metadata_container METADATA_RANGE>
        requires(
            std::ranges::input_range<std::ranges::range_value_t<R>> &&                 // a range of ranges
            mpl::char_like<std::ranges::range_value_t<std::ranges::range_value_t<R>>>  // inner range is a
                                                                                       // range of char-like
        )
    arrow_proxy fixed_width_binary_array_impl<T, CR, Ext>::create_proxy(
        R&& values,
        bool nullable,
        std::optional<std::string_view> name,
        std::optional<METADATA_RANGE> metadata
    )
    {
        if (nullable)
        {
            return create_proxy(
                std::forward<R>(values),
                validity_bitmap{validity_bitmap::default_allocator()},
                std::move(name),
                std::move(metadata)
            );
        }
        else
        {
            using values_type = std::ranges::range_value_t<R>;
            using values_inner_value_type = std::ranges::range_value_t<values_type>;
 
            SPARROW_ASSERT_TRUE(all_same_size(values));
            const size_t element_size = std::ranges::empty(values) ? 0 : std::ranges::size(*values.begin());
            auto data_buffer = u8_buffer<values_inner_value_type>(std::ranges::views::join(values));
            return create_proxy_impl(
                std::move(data_buffer),
                values.size(),  // element count
                element_size,
                std::nullopt,  // validity bitmap
                std::move(name),
                std::move(metadata)
            );
        }
    }
 
    template <std::ranges::sized_range T, typename CR, typename Ext>
    template <std::ranges::input_range NULLABLE_RANGE, input_metadata_container METADATA_RANGE>
        requires mpl::is_type_instance_of_v<std::ranges::range_value_t<NULLABLE_RANGE>, nullable>
                 && std::ranges::input_range<typename std::ranges::range_value_t<NULLABLE_RANGE>::value_type>
                 && std::is_same_v<
                     std::ranges::range_value_t<typename std::ranges::range_value_t<NULLABLE_RANGE>::value_type>,
                     byte_t>
    arrow_proxy fixed_width_binary_array_impl<T, CR, Ext>::create_proxy(
        NULLABLE_RANGE&& range,
        std::optional<std::string_view> name,
        std::optional<METADATA_RANGE> metadata
    )
    {
        // split into values and is_non_null ranges
        const auto values = range | std::views::transform(nullable_get);
        const auto is_non_null = range
                                 | std::views::transform(
                                     [](const auto& v)
                                     {
                                         return v.has_value();
                                     }
                                 );
        return self_type::create_proxy(values, is_non_null, std::move(name), std::move(metadata));
    }
 
    template <std::ranges::sized_range T, typename CR, typename Ext>
    template <mpl::char_like C, input_metadata_container METADATA_RANGE>
    arrow_proxy fixed_width_binary_array_impl<T, CR, Ext>::create_proxy_impl(
        u8_buffer<C>&& data_buffer,
        size_t element_count,
        size_t element_size,
        std::optional<validity_bitmap>&& bitmap,
        std::optional<std::string_view> name,
        std::optional<METADATA_RANGE> metadata
    )
    {
        SPARROW_ASSERT_TRUE(
            element_size == 0 ? (data_buffer.size() == 0) : (data_buffer.size() % element_size == 0)
        );
 
        const auto null_count = bitmap.has_value() ? bitmap->null_count() : 0;
        std::string format_str = "w:" + std::to_string(element_size);
        const std::optional<std::unordered_set<ArrowFlag>>
            flags = bitmap.has_value()
                        ? std::make_optional<std::unordered_set<ArrowFlag>>({ArrowFlag::NULLABLE})
                        : std::nullopt;
 
        ArrowSchema schema = make_arrow_schema(
            std::move(format_str),
            std::move(name),             // name
            std::move(metadata),         // metadata
            flags,                       // flags,
            nullptr,                     // children
            repeat_view<bool>(true, 0),  // children_ownership
            nullptr,                     // dictionary
            true                         // dictionary ownership
 
        );
        std::vector<buffer<std::uint8_t>> arr_buffs;
        arr_buffs.reserve(2);
        arr_buffs.emplace_back(
            bitmap.has_value() ? std::move(*bitmap).extract_storage()
                               : buffer<std::uint8_t>{nullptr, 0, validity_bitmap::default_allocator()}
        );
        arr_buffs.emplace_back(std::move(data_buffer).extract_storage());
 
        ArrowArray arr = make_arrow_array(
            static_cast<std::int64_t>(element_count),  // length
            static_cast<int64_t>(null_count),
            0,  // offset
            std::move(arr_buffs),
            nullptr,                     // children
            repeat_view<bool>(true, 0),  // children_ownership
            nullptr,                     // dictionary
            true                         // dictionary ownership
        );
        arrow_proxy proxy{std::move(arr), std::move(schema)};
        Ext::init(proxy);
        return proxy;
    }
 
    template <std::ranges::sized_range T, typename CR, typename Ext>
    constexpr auto fixed_width_binary_array_impl<T, CR, Ext>::data(size_type i) -> data_iterator
    {
        return const_cast<data_iterator>(std::as_const(*this).data(i));
    }
 
    template <std::ranges::sized_range T, typename CR, typename Ext>
    constexpr auto fixed_width_binary_array_impl<T, CR, Ext>::data(size_type i) const -> const_data_iterator
    {
        const auto& data_buffer = get_data_buffer();
        const size_t data_buffer_size = data_buffer.size();
        const size_type index_offset = (static_cast<size_type>(this->get_arrow_proxy().offset())
                                        * m_element_size)
                                       + i;
        SPARROW_ASSERT_TRUE(data_buffer_size >= index_offset);
        return data_buffer.template data<const data_value_type>() + index_offset;
    }
 
    template <std::ranges::sized_range T, typename CR, typename Ext>
    template <std::ranges::sized_range U>
        requires mpl::convertible_ranges<U, T>
    constexpr void fixed_width_binary_array_impl<T, CR, Ext>::assign(U&& rhs, size_type index)
    {
        SPARROW_ASSERT_TRUE(std::ranges::size(rhs) == m_element_size);
        SPARROW_ASSERT_TRUE(index < size());
        std::copy(std::ranges::begin(rhs), std::ranges::end(rhs), data(index * m_element_size));
    }
 
    template <std::ranges::sized_range T, typename CR, typename Ext>
    constexpr auto fixed_width_binary_array_impl<T, CR, Ext>::value(size_type i) -> inner_reference
    {
        SPARROW_ASSERT_TRUE(i < size());
        return inner_reference(this, i);
    }
 
    template <std::ranges::sized_range T, typename CR, typename Ext>
    constexpr auto fixed_width_binary_array_impl<T, CR, Ext>::value(size_type i) const -> inner_const_reference
    {
        SPARROW_ASSERT_TRUE(i < this->size());
        const auto offset_begin = i * m_element_size;
        const auto offset_end = offset_begin + m_element_size;
        const const_data_iterator pointer_begin = data(static_cast<size_type>(offset_begin));
        const const_data_iterator pointer_end = data(static_cast<size_type>(offset_end));
        return inner_const_reference(pointer_begin, pointer_end);
    }
 
    template <std::ranges::sized_range T, typename CR, typename Ext>
    constexpr auto fixed_width_binary_array_impl<T, CR, Ext>::value_begin() -> value_iterator
    {
        return value_iterator{functor_type{&(this->derived_cast())}, 0};
    }
 
    template <std::ranges::sized_range T, typename CR, typename Ext>
    constexpr auto fixed_width_binary_array_impl<T, CR, Ext>::value_end() -> value_iterator
    {
        return sparrow::next(value_begin(), size());
    }
 
    template <std::ranges::sized_range T, typename CR, typename Ext>
    constexpr auto fixed_width_binary_array_impl<T, CR, Ext>::value_cbegin() const -> const_value_iterator
    {
        return const_value_iterator{const_functor_type{&(this->derived_cast())}, 0};
    }
 
    template <std::ranges::sized_range T, typename CR, typename Ext>
    constexpr auto fixed_width_binary_array_impl<T, CR, Ext>::value_cend() const -> const_value_iterator
    {
        return sparrow::next(value_cbegin(), this->size());
    }
 
    template <std::ranges::sized_range T, typename CR, typename Ext>
    template <std::ranges::sized_range U>
        requires mpl::convertible_ranges<U, T>
    constexpr void fixed_width_binary_array_impl<T, CR, Ext>::resize_values(size_type new_length, U value)
    {
        SPARROW_ASSERT_TRUE(m_element_size == value.size());
        if (new_length < size())
        {
            const size_t new_size = new_length + static_cast<size_t>(this->get_arrow_proxy().offset());
            const auto offset = new_size * m_element_size;
            auto& data_buffer = get_data_buffer();
            data_buffer.resize(offset);
        }
        else if (new_length > size())
        {
            insert_value(value_cend(), value, new_length - size());
        }
    }
 
    template <std::ranges::sized_range T, typename CR, typename Ext>
    template <std::ranges::sized_range U>
        requires mpl::convertible_ranges<U, T>
    constexpr auto
    fixed_width_binary_array_impl<T, CR, Ext>::insert_value(const_value_iterator pos, U value, size_type count)
        -> value_iterator
    {
        SPARROW_ASSERT_TRUE(m_element_size == value.size());
        const auto idx = static_cast<size_t>(std::distance(value_cbegin(), pos));
 
        const uint8_t* uint8_ptr = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(value.data());
        const std::vector<uint8_t> casted_value(uint8_ptr, uint8_ptr + value.size());
        const auto my_repeat_view = repeat_view{casted_value, count};
        const auto joined_repeated_value_range = std::ranges::views::join(my_repeat_view);
        auto& data_buffer = get_data_buffer();
        const auto offset_begin = byte_offset(idx);
        const auto pos_to_insert = sparrow::next(data_buffer.cbegin(), offset_begin);
        data_buffer.insert(pos_to_insert, joined_repeated_value_range.begin(), joined_repeated_value_range.end());
        return sparrow::next(value_begin(), idx);
    }
 
    template <std::ranges::sized_range T, typename CR, typename Ext>
    template <typename InputIt>
        requires std::input_iterator<InputIt>
                 && mpl::convertible_ranges<typename std::iterator_traits<InputIt>::value_type, T>
    constexpr auto
    fixed_width_binary_array_impl<T, CR, Ext>::insert_values(const_value_iterator pos, InputIt first, InputIt last)
        -> value_iterator
    {
        SPARROW_ASSERT_TRUE(value_cbegin() <= pos)
        SPARROW_ASSERT_TRUE(pos <= value_cend());
        SPARROW_ASSERT_TRUE(first <= last);
        SPARROW_ASSERT_TRUE(all_same_size(std::ranges::subrange(first, last)));
        SPARROW_ASSERT_TRUE(m_element_size == std::ranges::size(*first));
 
        auto values = std::ranges::subrange(first, last);
        const size_t cumulative_sizes = values.size() * m_element_size;
        auto& data_buffer = get_data_buffer();
        data_buffer.resize(data_buffer.size() + cumulative_sizes);
        const auto idx = static_cast<size_t>(std::distance(value_cbegin(), pos));
        sequence_view<byte_t> casted_values{reinterpret_cast<byte_t*>(data_buffer.data()), data_buffer.size()};
        const auto offset_begin = byte_offset(idx);
        auto insert_pos = sparrow::next(casted_values.begin(), offset_begin);
 
        // Move elements to make space for the new value
        std::move_backward(
            insert_pos,
            sparrow::next(casted_values.end(), -static_cast<difference_type>(cumulative_sizes)),
            casted_values.end()
        );
 
        for (const auto& val : values)
        {
            std::copy(val.begin(), val.end(), insert_pos);
            std::advance(insert_pos, m_element_size);
        }
        return sparrow::next(value_begin(), idx);
    }
 
    template <std::ranges::sized_range T, typename CR, typename Ext>
    constexpr auto
    fixed_width_binary_array_impl<T, CR, Ext>::erase_values(const_value_iterator pos, size_type count)
        -> value_iterator
    {
        SPARROW_ASSERT_TRUE(pos >= value_cbegin());
        SPARROW_ASSERT_TRUE(pos <= value_cend());
        const size_t index = static_cast<size_t>(std::distance(value_cbegin(), pos));
        if (count == 0)
        {
            return sparrow::next(value_begin(), index);
        }
        auto& data_buffer = get_data_buffer();
        const size_type byte_count = m_element_size * count;
        const auto offset_begin = byte_offset(index);
        const auto offset_end = offset_begin + byte_count;
        // move the values after the erased ones
        std::move(
            data_buffer.begin() + static_cast<difference_type>(offset_end),
            data_buffer.end(),
            data_buffer.begin() + static_cast<difference_type>(offset_begin)
        );
        data_buffer.resize(data_buffer.size() - byte_count);
        return sparrow::next(value_begin(), index);
    }
}